{"id":248532,"date":"2018-10-09T14:56:13","date_gmt":"2018-10-09T14:56:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/microbiota-intestinal-flora-in-cats-and-dogs\/"},"modified":"2022-06-17T08:02:32","modified_gmt":"2022-06-17T08:02:32","slug":"microbiota-intestinal-flora-in-cats-and-dogs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/en\/microbiota-intestinal-flora-in-cats-and-dogs\/","title":{"rendered":"Microbiota: Intestinal flora in cats and dogs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The microbiota is a fundamental part of our body and our pets. Along the following paragraphs we will explain what diseases are associated with a damaged intestinal flora and we will shareu 10 tips to regenerate it.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>The <strong>microbiota<\/strong> is the set of <strong>microorganisms<\/strong> that colonizes our body and our pets\u2019. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and even\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archaea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">archaea<\/a><\/strong> are found covering surfaces such as <strong>skin<\/strong>, <strong>mouth<\/strong>, <strong>digestive tract<\/strong>, <strong>nose<\/strong>, <strong>genitourinary system<\/strong>, <strong>inner ear<\/strong> and even the <strong>respiratory system. <\/strong>Such is the number of them, they far exceed the number of cells of their host (between 10 and 100 times more), so, today, they are considered an &#8220;organ&#8221; of the body.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Both in humans and in dogs and cats, the initial colonization of these microorganisms occurs during <strong>labor<\/strong> (although there are still controversial studies in which bacteria have been isolated in the amniotic fluid during pregnancy). The populations of intestinal bacteria, in those first days of life, vary considerably due to <strong>breastfeeding<\/strong>. It has been proven that it is through breast milk that the flora is transferred to the offspring or to the baby in a more stable and efficient way, being the first factor of microbial development (more so than natural birth).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Just as breastfeeding favors the selective growth of certain bacteria, the completion of lactation also implies a change in the microbiota. From the first year of life, the intestinal flora is usually equated among all individuals of the same species, being the variations derived from <strong>the diet, the main cause of changes<\/strong> in that intestinal population (followed by age).<\/p>\n<p>There are other <strong>factors<\/strong>, besides feeding and age, that can alter the microbiota and favor the growth of undesirable microorganisms, thus generating a <strong>dysbiosis<\/strong>. Some of those factors are:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40168-018-0483-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Antibiotics and other medications such as chemotherapy<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>An excess of hygiene.<\/li>\n<li>The individual\u2019s genetic.<\/li>\n<li>Stress (as shown by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2180-14-189\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BMC Microbiology\u2019s research<\/a><\/strong>, among others).<\/li>\n<li>Habits (such as lack of exercise or environments with smoke).<\/li>\n<li>Pollutants, pesticides and heavy metals (as described by\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/npjbiofilms20163\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sandrine P. Claus and her collaborators in her article<\/a><\/strong> on the importance of microbiota in toxicity due to environmental pollutants).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>And what repercussions can a damaged flora have?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">There are numerous studies that associate dysbiosis with a myriad of pathologies. To give you an idea, we have seen a strong relationship of an altered intestinal flora with:<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Autoimmune diseases, such as rhinitis and atopies.<\/li>\n<li>Parkinson&#8217;s, Alzheimer&#8217;s and problems with concentration and memory.<\/li>\n<li>Autism and attention deficit.<\/li>\n<li>Depression, anxiety and stress.<\/li>\n<li>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).<\/li>\n<li>Obesity and diabetes (as shown in the <a href=\"https:\/\/lipidworld.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12944-016-0278-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a<strong>rticle published in Lipids in Health and Disease<\/strong><\/a>).<\/li>\n<li>Certain types of cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Taking care of and <strong>recovering the intestinal flora<\/strong> is essential for the health and well-being of our dogs and cats (as well as ours) since it is a key part of the organism, which performs vital functions that nothing else performs. We summarize some of them:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><strong>Metabolic function: <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<ul>\n<li>They intervene in the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates (being able to have a key role in the development of\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2640389\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gluten allergies and intolerances<\/a><\/strong>, in such a way that the Spanish National Research Council or<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.csic.es\/buscar?p_p_state=maximized&amp;p_p_lifecycle=1&amp;_contentviewerservice_WAR_alfresco_packportlet_struts_action=%2Fcontentviewer%2Fview&amp;p_p_id=contentviewerservice_WAR_alfresco_packportlet&amp;_contentviewerservice_WAR_alfresco_packportlet_nodeRef=workspace%3A%2F%2FSpacesStore%2Fe98c6b5a-b25e-4778-8b3c-26742580f0d8&amp;p_p_mode=view&amp;contentType=news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> CSIC patented a strain<\/a><\/strong> isolated for therapeutic purposes for celiac disease.<\/li>\n<li>They produce short-chain fatty acids, which are not only fuel for the cells of the intestine (the enterocytes) but also control their growth, regulate the intestinal pH, favor the absorption of certain trace elements and modulate the action of insulin.<\/li>\n<li>They synthesize vitamins (K and some of group B).<\/li>\n<li>They help metabolize cholesterol.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><strong>Protective function against pathogens:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<ul>\n<li>They produce antimicrobial and antibiotic substances to fight against invasive bacteria.<\/li>\n<li>They occupy the places where the pathogenic bacteria may adhere and compete for the same nutrients (avoiding their proliferation).<\/li>\n<li>They control the intestinal permeability (improving the connections between cells to prevent undesirable toxins or bacteria from crossing that barrier and causing an exaggerated immune response).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><strong>Modulating function of the immune system:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<ul>\n<li>They contribute to the important maturation of the immune system after birth (as explained in the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4492337\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article published in Nature<\/a><\/strong>).<\/li>\n<li>They regulate the allergic response to food (which means higher food tolerance).<\/li>\n<li>They control the immune response both local (in the digestive system) and systemic (in the rest of the body).<\/li>\n<li>Antitumor action (as summarized in the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4690201\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trial by Laurence Zitvogel and collaborators<\/a><\/strong>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-255165 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/nerves-2926087_960_720.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/nerves-2926087_960_720.webp 960w, https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/nerves-2926087_960_720-480x320.webp 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 960px, 100vw\" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><strong><br \/>\nRegulating function of the nervous system:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<ul>\n<li>The intestine is covered by millions of nerve cells and it is also where 95% of serotonin (which regulates emotions) and 50% of dopamine (involved in learning, memory and reward system) is produced.<\/li>\n<li>It has been proven that the microbiota influences the central nervous system by altering the secretion of neurotransmitters and modulators.<\/li>\n<li>There are studies that demonstrate the power of the intestinal flora in brain chemistry and in certain neuropsychiatric disorders (such as the\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5014122\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Studies by Esther e. Fr\u00f6lich and collaborators<\/a><\/strong> and by<strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4062078\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yan Wang and Lloyd H. Kasper<\/a><\/strong>) ; as well as the benefits of certain probiotics (the so-called <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12967-016-1058-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">psychobiotics<\/a><\/strong>) in the treatment of some of those disorders.<\/li>\n<li>There are even researchers who suggest a possible manipulation of our\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4270213\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">habits and food preferences<\/a><\/strong> by the microbiota, to get the nutrients it needs to continue to grow and be the dominant population.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>In Dingonatura, when we prepare our food, we are very aware of the importance of the microbiota for the health of our dogs and cats. To help you <strong>take care of and recover the intestinal flora<\/strong> of your pets (and of course yours), here you have a series of <strong>tips<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Avoid diets rich in fat and sugars <\/strong>(as this type of nutrients adversely affect the flora and intestinal barrier and predispose to stress and depression, as summarized in the\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2352289516300509?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article by Jane A. Foster<\/a><\/strong> and collaborators).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Drink <strong>mineral or filtered water<\/strong>, whenever possible (to avoid prolonged ingestion of chlorine).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Offer foods rich in prebiotics and probiotics (link to post).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>Exercise<\/strong> regularly (since there is a relationship between physical activity, obesity and the type of flora).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong>Minimize stressful <\/strong>situations<strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>Use <strong>antibiotics<\/strong> only prescribed by a professional (keeping to the duration of treatment to avoid resistance) and supplement with an appropriate probiotic (link to post) at the end, to restore the flora.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li>Encourage <strong>breastfeeding<\/strong> (which implies carrying out a gradual weaning in our dogs and cats, to complete the lactation at approximately 2 months-old).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li>Provide food, when possible, with a low load of <strong>environmental contaminants<\/strong> (from controlled agriculture and livestock).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"9\">\n<li>Provide food rich in omega 3 (link to post about omegas) (for its prebiotic and anti-inflammatory effect) and in <strong>L-Glutamine<\/strong> (an amino acid that takes care of the intestinal mucosa and the microbiota).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li>Choose natural foods <strong>without artificial preservatives<\/strong> that can alter the intestinal ecosystem (the real impact of preservatives on the intestinal flora is not clear yet but there is already some research on this).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">At present, several studies are being carried out to try to identify with precision the microorganisms present in the digestive system of pets, but the results are sometimes contradictory (probably due to the different methodologies used). This makes the choice of <strong>the best probiotic for your dog or cat<\/strong> more complicated (although in Dingonatura we give you some clues (link to probiotics) for it). And if you want to delve into the field of microbiota in pets, we recommend <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/304530187_Importance_of_gut_microbiota_for_the_health_and_disease_of_dogs_and_cats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the article by Amanda B. Blake and Jan S. Suchodolski<\/a><\/strong>; research published in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01231\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Frontiers<\/a><\/strong>; as well as the<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5558916\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> study carried out with cats<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0 and its equivalent in dogs<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5301054\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> by Hiroaki Masuoka and collaborators<\/a><\/strong>.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The microbiota is a fundamental part of our body and our pets. Along the following paragraphs we will explain what diseases are associated with a damaged intestinal flora and we will shareu 10 tips to regenerate it. The microbiota is the set of microorganisms that colonizes our body and our pets\u2019. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":248533,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[880],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-248532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=248532"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248532\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/248533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=248532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=248532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pruebas.dingonatura.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=248532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}